Newborns and young infants are especially vulnerable to infectious diseases, particularly pertussis (whopping cough) and influenza. If your baby were to contract either of these, her life could be threatened and she could end up in the hospital.

In fact, last year, the CDC observed more than 27,000 cases of pertussis, which is entirely preventable. And 105 children died of pneumonia or the flu—15 of which were 6 months old or younger.

Pertussis is especially risky for newborns because routine immunization doesn’t start until 2 months of age and it takes more than one vaccination to get full immunity. Also, babies don’t routinely get flu shots until at least 6 months old. So, how do you protect your baby from these potentially deadly infections in the meantime?

A Cocoon of protection

Public health and medical experts alike are now recommending that parents build a cocoon of protection around their newborns and infants. This means everyone who will be around the baby—family, babysitters, friends—needs to be current on all vaccines, which surrounds the baby with “herd” immunity.

Adults need the seasonal flu vaccine each year. And, the pertussis vaccines that we all received as children don’t last a lifetime. The CDC recommends that all adolescents and adults receive a one-time booster, Tdap, for pertussis, which also includes tetanus and diphtheria. Because this booster has only been available for a few years, most adults haven’t received it. You also need a tetanus vaccine every 10 years.

Prepare for your baby’s birth by having dad, grandparents and babysitters vaccinated ahead of time. If you’re pregnant, ask to have the Tdap right after delivery; it’s typically available in hospitals and safe during breastfeeding.

Build Your Cocoon

The CDC also advises the following to protect and build your baby’s immunity, especially in her first 6 months.

Breastfeed your baby Strive to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Breastfed babies have fewer respiratory infections and other illnesses.

Wash your hands thoroughly Everyone should do this each time they touch or care for baby. Wash for at least 20 seconds with warm soap and water, and carry hand sanitizer to use when soap and water aren’t handy.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. And baby’s too; most germs are spread this way.

Avoid sick people Remember, not all sick people have a fever. Avoid people who are coughing, sneezing, complaining of new aches or pains, or being treated for an infection. Keep baby out of large crowds.

Practice safe coughing Into your elbows or a tissue to be discarded; never cough into your hands.

Get vaccinated Require all household, family members and others who will have contact with your baby to get both the Tdap and flu vaccines, as well as any other missing adult vaccinations. Require proof of vaccination for babysitters and nannies.